I-Melting Technology
Njengamanje, ukuncibilikiswa kwemikhiqizo yethusi ngokuvamile kusebenzisa isithando somlilo sokuncibilikisa, futhi kusebenzisa ukuncibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo esibuyisela emuva kanye nokuncibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo.
Ukuncibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo sokungeniswa kulungele zonke izinhlobo zama-alloys ethusi nethusi, futhi kunezici zokuncibilikisa okuhlanzekile nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuncibilika. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sesithando somlilo, izithando zokungeniswa zihlukaniswa zibe iziko lokungeniswa okuyisisekelo kanye neziko lokungeniswa kwe-coreless. Isithando somlilo se-cored induction sinezici zokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu, futhi kufanelekile ukuncibilika okuqhubekayo kwenhlobonhlobo eyodwa yama-alloys ethusi nethusi, njengethusi elibomvu nethusi. Isithando somlilo sokungenisa i-coreless sinezici zesivinini sokushisa okusheshayo nokushintshwa kalula kwezinhlobo ze-alloy. Ilungele ukuncibilikisa ama-alloys ethusi nawethusi anephuzu eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene, njengethusi ne-cupronickel.
I-vacuum induction furnace yisithando somlilo esifakwe nge-vacuum system, esilungele ukuncibilikisa ithusi ne-alloys yethusi okulula ukuhogela nokufaka i-oxidize, njengethusi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, ithusi le-beryllium, ithusi le-zirconium, ithusi le-magnesium, njll.
Ukuncibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo kungacwengisa futhi kususe ukungcola ekuncibilikeni, futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuncibilikisweni kwethusi elilahliwe. Isithando somlilo se-shaft siwuhlobo lwesithando somlilo esincibilika ngokushesha, esinobuhle bokusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika, nokuvalwa kwesithando somlilo okulula. Ingalawulwa; ayikho inqubo yokucwenga, ngakho-ke inqwaba yezinto zokusetshenziswa ziyadingeka ukuze kube yithusi le-cathode. Ama-shaft furnaces ngokuvamile asetshenziswa nemishini yokusakaza eqhubekayo yokusakazwa okuqhubekayo, futhi angasetshenziswa nokubamba iziko lokusakazwa kwe-semi-continuous cast.
Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ukuncibilikisa ithusi ubonakala ikakhulukazi ekwehliseni ukushiswa kokulahleka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukunciphisa i-oxidation kanye nokuhogela kokuncibilika, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuncibilika, nokusebenzisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu (izinga lokuncibilika kwesithando sokufakelwa likhulu kune-10 t/h), ubukhulu (umthamo we-induction / isethi yempilo ende ye-3) iminyaka engu-1 kuye kwemi-2) nokonga amandla (ukusetshenziswa kwamandla esithandweni sokungeniswa kungaphansi kuka-360 kW h/t), isithando somlilo esibambayo sifakwe idivayisi yokukhipha umoya (CO gas degassing), kanye nesithando somlilo sokungeniswa isimo kanye nokuqapha kwenkundla yokushisa okuphikisayo kanye nesistimu ye-alamu, isithando somlilo esibambayo sifakwe idivayisi yokukala, futhi ukulawula izinga lokushisa kunembe kakhulu.
Izinto Zokukhiqiza - Ulayini Wokunqamula
Ukukhiqizwa komugqa wethusi wokuhlinza kuwumugqa wokukhiqiza oqhubekayo wokusika nokuhlukanisa onweba ikhoyili ebanzi nge-uncoiler, esika ikhoyili ibe ububanzi obudingekayo ngomshini wokuhlinza, bese iyibuyisela emuva ibe amakhoyili amaningana ngewindi.
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(Ilayisha imoto) Sebenzisa i-trolley yokuphakelayo ukuze ubeke ngesandla umqulu wezinto ezibonakalayo kusigubhu sokuqaqa futhi usiqinise.
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(I-Uncoiler kanye ne-anti-loosening pressure roller) Vula ikhoyili ngosizo lwegayidi yokuvula kanye ne-pressure roller
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(NO·1 looper kanye nebhuloho lokushwiba) isitoreji nebhafa
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(Igayidi yonqenqema kanye nedivayisi yokuncinza yerola) Amarola aqondile aqondisa ishidi kumarola ukuncisha ukuvimbela ukuchezuka, ububanzi berola eqondile kanye nokuma kwayo kuyalungiseka.
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(Slitting machine) faka umshini wokuhlinza ukuze ubekwe endaweni kanye nokusika
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(Isihlalo esishintshayo esisheshayo) Ukushintshana kweqembu lamathuluzi
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(Isisetshenziswa sokusonga izihlakala) Sika izihlakala
↓(Ithebula le-Outlet end guide kanye nesivalo se-coil tail) Yethula i-LO.2 looper
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(ibhuloho elijikayo kanye ne-NO.2 looper) ukugcinwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokuqedwa komehluko wokujiya
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(I-press plate tension kanye nedivayisi yokwehlukanisa ishaft yokwandisa umoya) ihlinzeka ngamandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwamapuleti kanye nebhande
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(I-shear yokusika, idivayisi yokulinganisa ubude besiteringi kanye nethebula lesiqondiso) ukukala ubude, ikhoyili yobude obungashintshi segmentation, inkomba yokuhlanganisa itheyiphu
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(iwinda, idivayisi yokuhlukanisa, idivayisi yepuleti eliphushayo) umucu wokuhlukanisa, ukugoqa
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(ukuthulula iloli, ukupakisha) ukuthulula itheyiphu yethusi nokupakisha
I-Hot Rolling Technology
I-hot rolling isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukugoqa i-billet yama-ingots ukukhiqizwa kweshidi, i-strip kanye ne-foil.
Izicaciso ze-ingot zokuginqika kwe-billet kufanele zicabangele izici ezifana nezinhlobonhlobo zomkhiqizo, isikali sokukhiqiza, indlela yokulingisa, njll., futhi zihlobene nezimo zemishini eginqikayo (njengokuvulwa kweroli, ububanzi be-roll, ukucindezela okuvumelekile okugoqayo, amandla emoto, nobude betafula le-roller), njll. Ngokuvamile, isilinganiso phakathi kogqinsi lwe-ingot nobubanzi bomqulu ngu-1: (3.5~7): ububanzi ngokuvamile bulingana noma buphindwe izikhathi eziningana ububanzi bomkhiqizo oqediwe, futhi ububanzi nenani lokunquma kufanele kucatshangelwe kahle. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi be-slab kufanele bube ngu-80% wobude bomzimba we-roll. Ubude be-ingot kufanele bucatshangelwe ngokufanele ngokwemibandela yokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi izinga lokushisa lokugcina lokugoqa elishisayo lingalawuleka, uma i-ingot ende, kukhuphuka ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nesivuno.
Ukucaciswa kwe-ingot kwezitshalo zokucubungula ithusi ezincane nezimaphakathi ngokuvamile (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, kanti isisindo se-ingot singu-1.5 ~ 3 t; imininingwane ye-ingot yezitshalo ezinkulu zokucubungula ithusi Ngokuvamile, yi-(150～250)mm×(630～1250)mm×(2400～8000)mm, kanti isisindo se-ingot singu-4.5～20 t.
Ngesikhathi sokushisa okushisayo, izinga lokushisa le-roll likhuphuka kakhulu ngesikhathi lapho umqulu uthintana nocezu olugoqayo olusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukunwetshwa okushisayo okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokufinyela okubandayo kubangela ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka ebusweni bomqulu. Ngakho-ke, ukupholisa nokugcoba kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokushisa okushisayo. Ngokuvamile, amanzi noma i-emulsion yokuhlushwa ephansi isetshenziswa njengendawo yokupholisa neyokugcoba. Isamba sezinga lokusebenza kokugoqa okushisayo ngokuvamile singu-90% kuya ku-95%. Ugqinsi lomugqa ogoqelwe ngokushisayo ngokuvamile luyi-9 kuya ku-16 mm. Ukugaywa komucu ongaphezulu ngemva kokuginqika okushisayo kungasusa izingqimba ze-oxide engaphezulu, ukugxambukela kwesikali nokunye ukukhubazeka okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusakazwa, ukushisisa nokuginqika okushisayo. Ngokusho kobukhulu beziphambeko zangaphezulu zomugqa ogoqelwe ngokushisayo kanye nezidingo zenqubo, inani lokugaya ohlangothini ngalunye lingu-0.25 kuya ku-0.5 mm.
Izigayo ezigoqayo ezishisayo ngokuvamile ziyizigayo ezihlehlayo eziphakeme ezimbili noma ezine phezulu. Ngokukhuliswa kwe-ingot nokwelulwa okuqhubekayo kobude be-strip, izinga lokulawula kanye nomsebenzi wesigayo esishisayo sinomkhuba wokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa, njengokusetshenziswa kokulawula ukushuba okuzenzakalelayo, imiqulu yokugoba ye-hydraulic, imiqulu eqondile yangaphambili nangemuva, imiqulu yokupholisa kuphela ngaphandle kokupholisa idivayisi yokugoqa, i-TPton roll (i-Taper-Pique) yokulawula i-inthanethi ukugoqa, ukugoqa ku-inthanethi nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukufana kwesakhiwo se-strip kanye nezakhiwo kanye nokuthola ipuleti elingcono.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza
Ukusakazwa kwama-alloys ethusi ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswa kwaba: ukulingisa okulinganayo okuqondile okuqondile, ukulingisa okuqhubekayo okuqondile okuqondile, ukulingisa okuvundlile okuqhubekayo, ukulingisa okuqhubekayo ukuya phezulu nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa.
A. Ukusakaza Okuqondile Okuncane Okuqhubekayo
Ukusakaza okuqondile okuqondile okuqondile kunezici zemishini elula kanye nokukhiqiza okuvumelana nezimo, futhi kulungele ukusakaza iziyingo ezihlukahlukene eziyindilinga neziyisicaba zethusi ne-alloys yethusi. Imodi yokudlulisa yomshini wokuphonsa omile kancane oqhubekayo ihlukaniswe nge-hydraulic, isikulufu sokuhola kanye nentambo yocingo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukudluliswa kwe-hydraulic kuzinzile, sekusetshenziswe kakhulu. I-crystallizer inganyakaziswa ngama-amplitude ahlukene namafrikhwensi njengoba kudingeka. Njengamanje, indlela yokukhipha i-semi-continuous casting isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni ama-ingots ethusi ne-copper alloy.
B. Ukusakaza Okuqhubekayo Okume mpo okugcwele
Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo okumile okugcwele kunezici zomkhiqizo omkhulu kanye nesivuno esikhulu (cishe u-98%), kulungele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokuqhubekayo kwama-ingots anenhlobonhlobo eyodwa kanye nokucaciswa, futhi kuba enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhetha zenqubo yokuncibilika nokuphonsa emigqeni yokukhiqiza yethusi yezinga elikhulu lamanje . Isikhunta esimile esigcwele esiqhubekayo sokuphonsa sithatha izinga loketshezi le-laser elingathinteki lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Umshini wokuphonsa ngokuvamile wamukela i-hydraulic clamping, ukudluliswa komshini, ukusaha i-chip epholile epholile ngowoyela eku-inthanethi kanye nokuqoqwa kwe-chip, ukumaka okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokutshekisa ingot. Isakhiwo siyinkimbinkimbi futhi izinga lokuzenzekelayo liphezulu.
C. Ukusakaza Okuqhubekayo Okuvundlile
Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuvundlile kungakhiqiza amabhilidi namabhilidi ezintambo.
Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuvundlile kwe-strip kungakhiqiza imichilo ye-alloy yethusi enogqinsi luka-14-20mm. Ama-strips kulolu hlu lokujiya angagoqeka ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokugoqeka okushisayo, ngakho avame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-alloys okunzima ukuwashisa (njenge-tin. Phosphor bronze, lead brass, njll.), futhi angakhiqiza ithusi, i-curonickel kanye ne-low alloyed copper alloy strip. Ngokuya ngobubanzi bomugqa wokulingisa, ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuvundlile kungasakaza imicu engu-1 ukuya kwemi-4 ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imishini yokuphonsa eqhubekayo evundlile evame ukusetshenziswa ingakwazi ukuphonsa imicu emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngayinye ibe nobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-450 mm, noma ikhiphe umugqa owodwa ngobubanzi obuyi-650-900 mm. Umugqa wokulingisa ovundlile oqhubekayo ngokuvamile wamukela inqubo yokusakaza yokusunduza okudonsa-stop-reverse, futhi kukhona imigqa ye-crystallization yezikhathi ezithile endaweni, okufanele ngokuvamile iqedwe ngokugaya. Kunezibonelo ezifuywayo zemichilo yethusi ephezulu engaphezulu engakhiqizwa ngokudweba nokusakaza amabhilidi e-strip ngaphandle kokugaya.
Ukusakaza okuvundlile okuqhubekayo kweshubhu, induku kanye namabhilidi ocingo kungasakaza ama-ingots angu-1 kuya kwangu-20 ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuvumelana nama-alloys ahlukene kanye nokucaciswa. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bebha noma ucingo olungenalutho luyi-6 kuya ku-400 mm, futhi ububanzi bangaphandle beshubhu elingenalutho bungu-25 kuya ku-300 mm. Ubukhulu bodonga buyi-5-50 mm, kanti ubude obuhlangothini be-ingot buyi-20-300 mm. Izinzuzo zendlela yokusakaza evundlile eqhubekayo ukuthi inqubo ifushane, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphansi, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphezulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyindlela yokukhiqiza edingekayo kwezinye izinto ze-alloy ezingasebenzi kahle ngokushisa. Muva nje, kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwenza amabhilidi emikhiqizo yethusi evame ukusetshenziswa njengemicu ye-tin-phosphor bronze, imicu ye-zinc-nickel alloy, kanye namapayipi e-copper air-conditioning e-phosphorus-deoxidized. izindlela zokukhiqiza.
Ukungalungi kwendlela yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo evundlile yilezi: izinhlobo ezifanele ze-alloy zilula ngokuqhathaniswa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-graphite emkhonweni wangaphakathi wesikhunta kukhulu kakhulu, futhi ukufana kwesakhiwo se-crystalline se-cross section ye-ingot akulula ukulawula. Ingxenye engezansi ye-ingot ipholiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngenxa yomphumela wamandla adonsela phansi, oseduze nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesikhunta, futhi okusanhlamvu kuhle; ingxenye engenhla ibangelwa ukwakheka kwezikhala zomoya kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuncibilika, okubangela ukugoba ekuqinisweni kwe-ingot, okunciphisa izinga lokupholisa futhi kwenza i-ingot solidification hysteresis. Isakhiwo se-crystalline simahhadlahhadla uma kuqhathaniswa, okusobala ikakhulukazi kuma-ingots amakhulu. Ngokubona lokhu kushiyeka okungenhla, indlela yokuphonsa yokugoba eqondile ene-billet iyathuthukiswa okwamanje. Inkampani yaseJalimane yasebenzisa i-caster egoba eqhubekayo ukuze ihlole (16-18) mm × 680 mm imicu yethusi kathayela efana ne-DHP ne-CuSn6 ngesivinini esingu-600 mm/min.
D. Ukusakaza Okuqhubekayo Okuphezulu
Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa obuthuthuke ngokushesha eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwengu-30 edlule, futhi busetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amabhilidi ezintambo zezintambo zethusi ezikhanyayo. Isebenzisa umgomo wokukhipha i-vacuum suction futhi yamukela ubuchwepheshe bokudonsa ukuze ibone ukusakaza kwamakhanda amaningi okuqhubekayo. Inezici zemishini elula, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane, ukulahleka kwensimbi okuncane, nezinqubo eziphansi zokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ukusakaza okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwamabhilidi ezintambo zethusi abomvu ne-oxygen engenawo umoya-mpilo. Impumelelo entsha ethuthukiswe eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthandwa kwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezindaweni ezingenalutho zamashubhu anobubanzi obukhulu, ithusi ne-cupronickel. Njengamanje, iyunithi yokulingisa eqhubekayo ekhuphukayo enokukhishwa konyaka okungu-5,000 t kanye nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-Φ100 mm iye yathuthukiswa; ithusi elivamile kanambambili kanye ne-zinc-white copper ternary alloy wire billets kukhiqizwa, futhi isivuno samabhilidi ocingo singafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-90%.
E. Amanye Amasu Okusakaza
Ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza be-billet obuqhubekayo buyathuthukiswa. Inqoba iziphambeko ezifana namamaki e-slub akhiwe endaweni engaphandle ye-billet ngenxa yenqubo yokumisa ukudonsa kokusakazwa okuqhubekayo okukhuphukayo, futhi ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yinhle kakhulu. Futhi ngenxa yezici zayo ezicishe zifane nokuqondisa, isakhiwo sangaphakathi sifana kakhulu futhi simsulwa, ngakho ukusebenza komkhiqizo nakho kuba ngcono. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bohlobo lwebhande oluqhubekayo lokuphonsa ucingo lwe-copper billet busetshenziswe kabanzi emigqeni emikhulu yokukhiqiza ngaphezu kwamathani angu-3. Indawo ephambanayo ye-slab ngokuvamile ingaphezu kuka-2000 mm2, futhi ilandelwa umshini wokugaya oqhubekayo onokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
I-electromagnetic casting izamile ezweni lami ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni akukenzeki. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza nge-electromagnetic buye benza intuthuko enkulu. Njengamanje, ama-ingots ethusi angenawo umoya-mpilo ongu-Φ200 mm afakwe ngempumelelo ngobushelelezi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphumela oshukumisayo wenkundla ye-electromagnetic ekuncibilikeni ungakhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-slag kanye nokukhishwa kwe-slag, futhi ithusi elingenawo umoya-mpilo elinokuqukethwe kwe-oxygen engaphansi kuka-0.001% lingatholakala.
Isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe obusha bokubunjwa kwe-alloy yethusi ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwesikhunta ngokusebenzisa ukuqina okuqondile, ukuqiniswa okusheshayo, ukwakheka kwe-semi-solid, ukushukumisa i-electromagnetic, ukwelashwa kwe-metamorphic, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwezinga le-liquid nezinye izindlela zobuchwepheshe ngokusho kwethiyori yokuqinisa. , ukuminyana, ukuhlanzwa, kanye nokubona ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nokwakhiwa okuseduze.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhishwa kwe-alloys yethusi ne-copper kuzoba ukuhambisana kobuchwepheshe bokukhipha kancane obuqhubekayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obugcwele obuqhubekayo bokuphonsa, futhi ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokusakaza okuqhubekayo izoqhubeka nokwanda.
Cold Rolling Technology
Ngokuya ngokucaciswa kwemigqa egoqiwe kanye nenqubo yokuginqika, ukugoqa okubandayo kuhlukaniswe ukuqhakaza, ukugoqa okuphakathi kanye nokuphothula. Inqubo yokugoqa okubandayo kwe-cast strip enogqinsi oluyi-14 kuya ku-16 mm kanye ne-billet egoqiwe eshisayo enogqinsi olungaba ngu-5 kuya ku-16 mm kuya ku-2 kuya ku-6 mm ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqhakaza, futhi inqubo yokuqhubeka nokunciphisa ukujiya kwesiqephu esigoqiwe kubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa okuphakathi. , ukugoqa okubandayo kokugcina ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomkhiqizo oqediwe kubizwa ngokuthi i- finish rolling .
Inqubo yokugoqa ebandayo idinga ukulawula uhlelo lokunciphisa (inani eliphelele lokucubungula, izinga lokucubungula kanye nesilinganiso sokucubungula umkhiqizo ophelile) ngokuvumelana nama-alloys ahlukene, ukucaciswa kokugoqa kanye nezidingo zokusebenza komkhiqizo oqediwe, ukukhetha ngokunengqondo futhi ulungise ukuma kwe-roll, futhi ukhethe ngokunengqondo indlela yokugcoba kanye namafutha okugcoba. Ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka nokulungiswa.
Izigayo ezigoqayo ezibandayo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izigayo zokuhlehla ezine-high noma eziningi. Izigayo zesimanje ezigoqayo ezibandayo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa uchungechunge lobuchwepheshe obufana nokugoba kwe-hydraulic positive kanye ne-negative roll, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kogqinsi, ingcindezi kanye nokushuba, ukunyakaza kwe-axial kwemiqulu, ukupholisa kwezigaba zamarolls, ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kokuma kwepuleti, nokuqondanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwezingcezu ezigoqiwe, ukuze ukunemba komugqa kuthuthukiswe. Kufika ku-0.25±0.005 mm nangaphakathi kokungu-5I kokuma kwepuleti.
Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugoqa obubandayo ubonakala ekuthuthukisweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezigayo ezinembayo eziphezulu, isivinini esiphezulu sokuginqika, ukujiya komugqa onembe kakhudlwana nokulawula ukuma, nobuchwepheshe obusizayo obunjengokupholisa, ukugcobisa, ukugoqa, ukubeka phakathi nendawo kanye nokushintsha kweroli ngokushesha. ukucwengwa, njll.
Izinto Zokukhiqiza-Isithando Somlilo
Izitofu zensimbi yensimbi kanye neziko eliphakamisayo zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimboni kanye nokuhlolwa komshayeli. Ngokuvamile, amandla makhulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kukhulu. Emabhizinisini ezimboni, impahla yomlilo yeLuoyang Sigma ephakamisa isithando somlilo i-ceramic fiber, enomphumela omuhle wokonga amandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Yonga ugesi nesikhathi, okuzuzisa ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule, i-BRANDS yaseJalimane kanye ne-Philips, inkampani ehamba phambili embonini yokukhiqiza i-ferrite, ngokuhlanganyela bakha umshini omusha wokucwilisa. Ukuthuthukiswa kwale mishini kubhekelela izidingo ezikhethekile zemboni ye-ferrite. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-BRANDS Bell Furnace ivuselelwa ngokuqhubekayo.
Unaka izidingo zezinkampani ezidume umhlaba wonke ezifana ne-Philips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, njll., nazo ezizuza kakhulu kumishini yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-BRANDS.
Ngenxa yokuzinza okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ama-bell furnaces, ama-bell furnaces abe yizinkampani eziphezulu embonini yokukhiqiza i-ferrite. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanhlanu edlule, iziko lokuqala elenziwe ngabakwa-BRANDS lisakhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Philips.
Isici esiyinhloko somlilo we-sintering ohlinzekwa yisithando somlilo wensimbi ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. Isistimu yayo yokulawula ehlakaniphile kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza zakha iyunithi yokusebenza ephelele, engahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo ezicishe zibe zesimanje zemboni ye-ferrite.
Amakhasimende e-Bell jar angahlela futhi agcine noma iyiphi iphrofayili yokushisa/nomkhathi edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhasimende angaphinda akhiqize noma yimiphi eminye imikhiqizo ngesikhathi ngokwezidingo zangempela, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise izikhathi zokuhola futhi ehlise nezindleko. Imishini ye-sintering kumele ibe nokuhleleka okuhle ukuze ikhiqize imikhiqizo eyahlukene ukuze ihambisane ngokuqhubekayo nezidingo zemakethe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo ehambisanayo kufanele ikhiqizwe ngokwezidingo zekhasimende ngalinye.
Umkhiqizi omuhle we-ferrite angakhiqiza omazibuthe abahlukene abangaphezu kwe-1000 ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhethekile zamakhasimende. Lokhu kudinga ikhono lokuphinda inqubo ye-sintering ngokunemba okuphezulu. Amasistimu wesithando somlilo wensimbi asephenduke iziko elijwayelekile kubo bonke abakhiqizi be-ferrite.
Embonini ye-ferrite, lezi ziko zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kanye ne-ferrite ephezulu ye-μ value, ikakhulukazi embonini yezokuxhumana. Akunakwenzeka ukukhiqiza ama-cores wekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kwesithando somlilo.
Isithando somlilo sensimbi sidinga ama-opharetha ambalwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukulayishwa nokuthulula kungaqedwa emini, futhi ukucwenga kungaqedwa ebusuku, okuvumela ukushefa okukhulu kukagesi, okusebenziseka kakhulu esimweni sanamuhla sokushoda kwamandla. Izitofu ze-Bell jar zikhiqiza imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi lonke utshalomali olwengeziwe lubuyiselwa ngokushesha ngenxa yemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa nomkhathi, ukuklanywa kwesithando somlilo kanye nokulawula ukugeleza komoya ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo konke kuhlanganiswe ngokuphelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushisa nokupholisa okufanayo komkhiqizo. Ukulawulwa komkhathi weziko ngesikhathi sokupholisa kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezinga lokushisa lomlilo futhi kungaqinisekisa okuqukethwe komoyampilo okungu-0.005% noma ngisho nangaphansi. Futhi lezi yizinto izimbangi zethu ezingakwazi ukuzenza.
Ngenxa yohlelo oluphelele lokufakwa kohlelo lwe-alphanumeric, izinqubo ze-sintering ezinde zingaphindwa kalula, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Uma uthengisa umkhiqizo, kubuye kube yinkomba yekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Ubuchwepheshe Bokwelapha Ukushisa
Ama-ingots ambalwa we-alloy (ama-strip) anokwehlukaniswa okunamandla kwe-dendrite noma ingcindezi yokuphonsa, njengethusi le-tin-phosphor, adinga ukufakwa kwe-homogenization annealing okukhethekile, ngokuvamile okwenziwa esithandweni sembiza yensimbi. Izinga lokushisa le-homogenization annealing ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-600 no-750°C.
Njengamanje, ukufakwa okuningi okumaphakathi (i-recrystallization annealing) nokuqedwa kokufakwa (annealing ukuze kulawulwe isimo nokusebenza komkhiqizo) kwamapheshana engxubevange yethusi kudonswa ngokugqamile ngokuvikelwa kwegesi. Izinhlobo zesithando somlilo zihlanganisa isithando sembiza yensimbi, isithando somlilo secashion yomoya, isithando somlilo esime mpo, njll. Ukukhipha i-oxidative kuyayekwa.
Umkhuba wokuthuthuka wobuchwepheshe bokwelapha ukushisa ubonakala ekwelashweni kwesisombululo esishisayo esigingqika ku-inthanethi sezinto zengxubevange eziqiniswe yimvula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kokushisa okuguquguqukayo okwalandela, ukudonsa okukhanyayo okuqhubekayo kanye nokudonsa umoya emoyeni ovikelayo.
I-Quenching-Ukwelashwa kokushisa okuguga kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuqinisa ama-alloys ethusi okwelashwa nokushisa. Ngokwelashwa kokushisa, umkhiqizo ushintsha i-microstructure yawo futhi uthola izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-alloys yamandla aphezulu kanye ne-high-conductivity, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa okucishayo-ukuguga izosetshenziswa kakhulu. Impahla yokwelapha yokuguga icishe ifane nemishini yokudonsa.
I-Extrusion Technology
I-Extrusion iyipayipi elivuthiwe nelithuthukisiwe lethusi ne-copper alloy, induku, ukukhiqizwa kwephrofayili kanye nendlela yokuhlinzeka nge-billet. Ngokushintsha i-die noma ukusebenzisa indlela ye-perforation extrusion, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-alloy kanye namajamo ahlukene we-cross-sectional angakhishwa ngokuqondile. Ngokusebenzisa i-extrusion, ukwakheka kwe-ingot kuyashintshwa kube isakhiwo esicutshunguliwe, futhi i-extruded tube billet kanye ne-bar billet inokunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional, futhi isakhiwo silungile futhi sifana. Indlela ye-extrusion iyindlela yokukhiqiza evame ukusetshenziswa ngabakhiqizi basekhaya nabangaphandle bethusi kanye nabakhiqizi bezinduku.
I-Copper alloy forging yenziwa ikakhulukazi abakhiqizi bemishini ezweni lami, ikakhulukazi okubandakanya ukufoja kwamahhala kanye ne-die forging, njengamagiya amakhulu, amagiya wezikelemu, izikelemu, izindandatho zegiya ze-automobile synchronizer, njll.
Indlela ye-extrusion ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-extrusion yangaphambili, i-reverse extrusion kanye ne-extrusion ekhethekile. Phakathi kwazo, kunezicelo eziningi ze-extrusion yangaphambili, i-reverse extrusion isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezintambo ezincane neziphakathi nendawo, futhi i-extrusion ekhethekile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni okukhethekile.
Lapho ukhipha, ngokusho kwezakhiwo ze-alloy, izidingo zobuchwepheshe zemikhiqizo ekhishwe, kanye nomthamo kanye nesakhiwo se-extruder, uhlobo, usayizi kanye ne-extrusion coefficient ye-ingot kufanele kukhethwe ngokunengqondo, ukuze izinga lokuguqulwa lingabi ngaphansi kwama-85%. Izinga lokushisa le-extrusion kanye nesivinini se-extrusion yimingcele eyisisekelo yenqubo ye-extrusion, futhi ububanzi bokushisa obufanelekile be-extrusion kufanele bunqunywe ngokusho komdwebo we-plasticity kanye nomdwebo wesigaba sensimbi. Kuma-alloys ethusi nawethusi, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-570 no-950 °C, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphumayo elisuka kukhopha liphezulu ngisho nokufika ku-1000 kuya ku-1050 °C. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lokushisa le-extrusion cylinder lika-400 kuya ku-450 °C, umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kwakho kokubili uphezulu kakhulu. Uma isivinini se-extrusion sihamba kancane, izinga lokushisa lobuso be-ingot lizokwehla ngokushesha, okuholela ekwandeni kokungalingani kokugeleza kwensimbi, okuzoholela ekwandeni komthwalo we-extrusion, futhi kubangele ngisho nento eyisicefe. Ngakho-ke, ama-alloys ethusi nawethusi ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-Extrusion ye-High-speed, isivinini se-extrusion singafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-50 mm/s.
Lapho ama-alloys ethusi nethusi ekhishwa, i-extrusion yokuxebula ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukususa ukukhubazeka kwendawo ye-ingot, futhi ukujiya kokucwecwa kungu-1-2 m. Ukuvalwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ekuphumeni kwe-billet ye-extrusion, ukuze umkhiqizo upholiswe ethangini lamanzi ngemva kokukhishwa, futhi ubuso bomkhiqizo abuna-oxidized, futhi ukucubungula okubandayo okulandelayo kungenziwa ngaphandle kokukhetha. Ivamise ukusebenzisa i-extruder enamathani amakhulu ngedivayisi yokuthatha ehambisanayo ukuze ikhiphe amakhoyili eshubhu noma ezintambo ezinesisindo esisodwa esingaphezu kuka-500 kg, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nesivuno esiphelele sokulandelana okulandelayo. Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi e-alloy yethusi ne-copper ngokuvamile amukela ama-extruder e-hydraulic phambili avundlile anesistimu ye-perforation ezimele (i-double-action) kanye nokudluliselwa kwephampu kawoyela eqondile, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemigoqo ngokuvamile kusebenzisa uhlelo lokubhoboza olungazimele (isenzo esisodwa) kanye nokudluliswa okuqondile kwephampu kawoyela. I-hydraulic evundlile eya phambili noma i-reverse extruder. Ukucaciswa kwe-extruder okuvame ukusetshenziswa yi-8-50 MN, futhi manje kuvame ukukhiqizwa ama-extruder amakhulu angaphezu kuka-40 MN ukuze kwandiswe isisindo esisodwa se-ingot, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nesivuno.
Imishini yesimanje enezingqimba zama-hydraulic extruder ifakwe ngendlela ehlelekile ngohlaka olubalulekile, umgqomo we-extrusion "X" kanye nokwesekwa, isistimu ye-perforation eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, inaliti yokupholisa inaliti yangaphakathi, isethi ye-sliding noma i-rotary die kanye nedivayisi eshintshayo ye-Die esheshayo, i-high-power variable oil pump direct drive, i-valve ye-logic edidiyelwe, isilawuli se-PLC esisezingeni eliphezulu, isilawuli esithuthukisiwe, i-PLCnologies ethuthukisiwe ukusebenza, ukuvimbana okuphephile, nokulawula uhlelo okulula ukukubona. Ubuchwepheshe be-extrusion obuqhubekayo (Conform) buye benza inqubekelaphambili ethile eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwamabha amise okukhethekile njengezintambo zikagesi zesitimela, okuyinto ethembisa kakhulu. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-extrusion buye bathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-extrusion ufakwe kanje: (1) Imishini yokukhipha. I-extrusion force yomshini wokunyathelisa we-extrusion izothuthuka ngendlela enkulu, futhi umshini we-extrusion ongaphezu kuka-30MN uzoba umzimba oyinhloko, futhi ukuzenzekelayo komugqa wokukhiqiza we-extrusion kuzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Imishini yesimanje ye-extrusion yamukele ngokuphelele ukulawulwa kohlelo lwekhompiyutha kanye nokulawula okunengqondo okuhlelekayo, ukuze ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, ama-opharetha ancipha kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ngisho nokubona ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okungenamuntu kwemigqa yokukhiqiza i-extrusion.
Isakhiwo somzimba we-extruder sibuye sathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi sapheleliswa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanye ama-extruder avundlile amukele ifreyimu egcizelelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sonke. I-extruder yesimanje ibona izindlela ze-extrusion eziya phambili nangemuva. I-extruder ifakwe ama-extrusion shafts amabili (i-main extrusion shaft kanye ne-die shaft). Ngesikhathi se-extrusion, isilinda se-extrusion sihamba ne-shaft eyinhloko. Ngalesi sikhathi, umkhiqizo Isiqondiso sokuphuma sihambisana nesiqondiso esinyakazayo se-shaft eyinhloko futhi siphambene nesihlobo esihambayo se-axis die. I-die base ye-extruder iphinde yamukele ukucushwa kweziteshi eziningi, okungagcini nje ngokusiza ukuguqulwa kokufa, kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ama-extruder anamuhla asebenzisa idivayisi yokulawula ukuphambuka kwe-laser, ehlinzeka ngedatha ephumelelayo esimweni somugqa wesikhungo se-extrusion, esilungele ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okusheshayo. Iphampu ye-high-pressure direct-drive hydraulic press esebenzisa uwoyela njengoba isisetshenziswa sokusebenza sesithathe indawo ngokuphelele yomshini wokunyathelisa we-hydraulic. Amathuluzi e-Extrusion nawo avuselelwa njalo ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-extrusion. Inalithi yokubhoboza yokupholisa amanzi yangaphakathi ithuthukiswe kabanzi, futhi inaliti eguquguqukayo yokubhoboza nokugingqa iwuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokugcoba. Isikhunta se-Ceramic kanye nensimbi ye-alloy enempilo ende kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yendawo isetshenziswa kabanzi.
Amathuluzi e-Extrusion nawo avuselelwa njalo ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-extrusion. Inalithi yokubhoboza yokupholisa amanzi yangaphakathi ithuthukiswe kabanzi, futhi inaliti eguquguqukayo yokubhoboza nokugingqa iwuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokugcoba. Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta se-ceramic kanye nokubunjwa kwensimbi ye-alloy okunempilo ende kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yendawo kuthandwa kakhulu. (2) Inqubo yokukhiqiza i-Extrusion. Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nokucaciswa kwemikhiqizo ekhishwe kuyanda njalo. Ukukhishwa kwesigaba esincane, amashubhu e-ultra-high-precision, izinduku, amaphrofayili kanye namaphrofayili amakhulu kakhulu kuqinisekisa izinga lokubukeka kwemikhiqizo, kunciphisa ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kwemikhiqizo, kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwejometri, futhi kuthuthukise ngokuqhubekayo izindlela zokukhishwa ezifana nokusebenza okufanayo kwemikhiqizo ekhishwe. Ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-reverse extrusion nabo busetshenziswa kabanzi. Ngezinsimbi ezifakwe i-oxidized kalula, i-water seal extrusion iyamukelwa, enganciphisa ukungcoliswa kwe-pickling, inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, futhi ithuthukise izinga eliphezulu lemikhiqizo. Ngemikhiqizo ekhishweyo edinga ukucinywa, vele ulawule izinga lokushisa elifanele. Indlela ye-water seal extrusion ingafinyelela inhloso, ifinyeze ngempumelelo umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi yonge amandla.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komthamo we-extruder kanye nobuchwepheshe be-extrusion, ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-extrusion buye basetshenziswa kancane kancane, njenge-extrusion ye-isothermal, i-cooling die extrusion, i-high-speed extrusion kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe be-extrusion yangaphambili, i-extrusion ehlanekezelwe, i-hydrostatic extrusion Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo be-extrusion bokucindezela kanye ne-Conformosite, ukusetshenziswa kwe-extrusion ye-powder ephansi ye-extrusion kanye ne-extrusion ye-powder ephansi. izinto zokwakha, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha ezifana ne-semi-solid metal extrusion kanye ne-multi-blank extrusion, ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye ezincane ezinembayo zobuchwepheshe bokwakha i-Cold extrusion, njll., ziye zathuthukiswa ngokushesha futhi zathuthukiswa kabanzi futhi zasetshenziswa.
I-Spectrometer
I-Spectroscope iyithuluzi lesayensi elibolisa ukukhanya okunokwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kube imigqa ye-spectral. Ukukhanya okunemibala eyisikhombisa ekukhanyeni kwelanga yingxenye iso lenyama elingakwazi ukulihlukanisa (ukukhanya okubonakalayo), kodwa uma ukukhanya kwelanga kuchithwa yi-spectrometer futhi kuhlelwe ngokuvumelana nobude be-wavelength, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuthatha uhla oluncane kuphela ku-spectrum, kanti okunye kuyi-spectrum engakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngeso lenyama, njengemisebe ye-infrared, ama-microwaves, ama-ray ray, njll. i-spectrometer, ethuthukiswe ngefilimu yezithombe, noma ekhonjiswa futhi yahlaziywa ithuluzi lezinombolo eliboniswa ngekhompuyutha, ukuze kutholwe ukuthi yiziphi izici eziqukethwe kusihloko. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa kakhulu ekutholeni ukungcoliswa komoya, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukuhlanzeka kokudla, imboni yensimbi, njll.
I-Spectrometer, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-spectrometer, yaziwa kabanzi njenge-spectrometer yokufunda eqondile. Idivayisi ekala ukushuba kwemigqa ye-spectral kuma-wavelength ahlukene anezitholi zezithombe ezifana namashubhu e-photomultiplier. Iqukethe i-slit yokungena, isistimu ehlakazekayo, isistimu yezithombe kanye nezikejana zokuphuma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Imisebe ye-electromagnetic yomthombo wemisebe ihlukaniswa endaweni edingekayo yobude begagasi noma i-wavelength ngento ehlakazayo, futhi ukuqina kukalwa ngobude obukhethiwe (noma ukuskena ibhendi ethile). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-monochromators nama-polychromators.
Ukuhlola I-Instrument-Conductivity Meter
Isihloli sensimbi esibanjwa ngesandla sedijithali (imitha ye-conductivity) FD-101 sisebenzisa isimiso sokutholwa kwamanje kwe-eddy futhi siklanywe ngokukhethekile ngokuvumelana nezidingo ze-conductivity zemboni kagesi. Ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlola zemboni yensimbi ngokokusebenza nokunemba.
1. Imitha ye-Eddy conductivity yamanje ye-FD-101 inezintathu ezihlukile:
1) Okuwukuphela kwemitha ye-conductivity yaseShayina eye yaphumelela ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Institute of Aeronautical Materials;
2) Ukuphela kwemitha ye-Chinese conductivity engahlangabezana nezidingo zezinkampani zemboni yezindiza;
3) Okuwukuphela kwemitha ye-Chinese conductivity ethunyelwa emazweni amaningi.
2. Isingeniso somsebenzi womkhiqizo:
1) Ibanga elikhulu lokulinganisa: 6.9%IACS-110%IACS(4.0MS/m-64MS/m), elihlangabezana nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwazo zonke izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi.
2) Ukulinganisa okuhlakaniphile: kuyashesha futhi kunembile, kugwema ngokuphelele amaphutha okulinganisa okwenziwa ngesandla.
I-3) Ithuluzi linesinxephezelo esihle sokushisa: ukufundwa kunxeshezelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ku-value ku-20 ° C, futhi ukulungiswa akuthintwa iphutha lomuntu.
I-4) Ukuzinza okuhle: kungukuqapha kwakho kokulawula ikhwalithi.
5) Isoftware ekhaliphile eyenziwe ngabantu: Ikulethela isikhombikubona esinethezekile kanye nemisebenzi enamandla yokucubungula nokuqoqa idatha.
6) Ukusebenza okulula: indawo yokukhiqiza kanye nelabhorethri ingasetshenziswa yonke indawo, izuze umusa wabasebenzisi abaningi.
7) Ukuzishintsha ngokwakho kwama-probe: Umsingathi ngamunye angahlonyiswa ngama-probe amaningi, futhi abasebenzisi bangawashintsha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
8) Ukulungiswa kwezinombolo: 0.1%IACS (MS/m)
9) Ukusebenzelana kokulinganisa kukhombisa ngesikhathi esisodwa amanani okulinganisa kumayunithi amabili we-%IACS kanye ne-MS/m.
10) Inomsebenzi wokubamba idatha yokulinganisa.
Umhloli Wokuqina
Ithuluzi lamukela idizayini eyingqayizivele nenembayo kumakhenika, okokubona kanye nomthombo wokukhanya, okwenza isithombe sokuhlehlisa sicace futhi nesilinganiso sinembe kakhudlwana. Womabili amalensi enhloso angu-20x kanye nangu-40x angabamba iqhaza esilinganisweni, okwenza ububanzi bokulinganisa bukhulu futhi uhlelo lokusebenza lunwebe kakhulu. Ithuluzi lifakwe isibonakhulu sokulinganisa sedijithali, esingabonisa indlela yokuhlola, amandla okuhlola, ubude bokuhlehla, inani lokuqina, isikhathi sokubamba amandla okuhlola, izikhathi zokulinganisa, njll. esikrinini esiwuketshezi, futhi inokuxhumana okunentambo okungaxhunywa kukhamera yedijithali nekhamera ye-CCD. Inokumelela okuthile emikhiqizweni yekhanda lasekhaya.
Ukuhlola Instrument-Resistivity Detector
Insimbi yokulinganisa insimbi yensimbi iyithuluzi lokuhlola ukusebenza okuphezulu kwamapharamitha afana nocingo, ukumelana nebha kanye nokuhamba kukagesi. Ukusebenza kwayo kuhambisana ngokugcwele nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezifanele ku-GB/T3048.2 kanye ne-GB/T3048.4. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezensimbi, amandla kagesi, izintambo zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, amakolishi namanyuvesi, amayunithi ocwaningo lwesayensi nezinye izimboni.
Izici eziyinhloko zensimbi:
(1) Ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi obuphambili, ubuchwepheshe be-single-chip kanye nobuchwepheshe bokubona okuzenzakalelayo, nomsebenzi oqinile wokuzishintshanisa nokusebenza okulula;
(2) Vele ucindezele ukhiye kanye, wonke amanani alinganisiwe angatholakala ngaphandle kokubala, alungele ukutholwa okuqhubekayo, okusheshayo nokunembile;
(3) Idizayini esebenza ngebhethri, usayizi omncane, kulula ukuyiphatha, ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwenkundla nenkundla;
(4) Isikrini esikhulu, ifonti enkulu, ingabonisa ukumelana, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana namanye amanani alinganiselwe nezinga lokushisa, izinga lokushisa lamanje, i-coefficient yesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa kanye namanye amapharamitha asizayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, enembile kakhulu;
(5) Umshini owodwa unezinjongo eziningi, unezindawo zokulinganisa ezi-3, okuyi-conductor resistivity kanye ne-conductivity measurement interface, ikhebula elihlanganisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokulinganisa ipharamitha, nesixhumi esibonakalayo sokulinganisa ikhebula le-DC (uhlobo lwe-TX-300B);
(6) Isilinganiso ngasinye sinemisebenzi yokukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kokushintshashintsha kwamandla okungaguquki, ukushintshashintsha kwamanje okuzenzakalelayo, ukulungisa amaphoyinti azenzakalelayo, kanye nokulungiswa kwesinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwevelu yokulinganisa ngayinye;
(7) Isici esiyingqayizivele esiphathekayo sokuhlola amatheminali amane sifanele ukukalwa ngokushesha kwezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nokucaciswa okuhlukile kwezintambo noma izinsimbi;
(8) Imemori yedatha eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, engarekhoda futhi ilondoloze amasethi angu-1000 edatha yokulinganisa namapharamitha wokulinganisa, futhi ixhume kukhompuyutha ephezulu ukuze ikhiqize umbiko ophelele.